Jefferson County, Indiana

One of the oldest of Indiana's counties, named in 1811in honor of President Thomas Jefferson

County Seat: Madison

Largest City: Madison (2024 population: 12,108)

Population per Square Mile: 91.30

Square Miles: 360.60

Go to county's in.gov site

Population over Time	Number	Rank in State	Percent of State	Indiana
Yesterday (2020)	33,147	50	0.5%	6,484,050
Today (2024)	32,921	51	0.5%	6,924,275
Tomorrow (2030 projection)*	33,080	50	0.5%	7,013,509
Percent Change 2020 to Today	-0.7%	36		2.0%

*Projection based on 2020 Census population estimates.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Business Research Center

Components of Population Change, 2023-2024	Number	Rank in State	Percent of State	Indiana
Net Domestic Migration	71	47		4,268
Net International Migration	51	42		30,852
Natural Increase (births minus deaths)	-140	78	-1.5%	9,159

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Population Estimates by Age, 2024	Number	Rank in State	Pct Dist. in County	Pct Dist. in State
Preschool (0 to 4)	1,599	58	4.9%	5.9%
School Age (5 to 17)	4,828	55	14.7%	17.0%
College Age (18 to 24)	3,127	43	9.5%	9.7%
Young Adult (25 to 44)	7,994	50	24.3%	25.9%
Older Adult (45 to 64)	8,623	47	26.2%	23.9%
Seniors (65 and older)	6,750	46	20.5%	17.5%
Median Age	42.3			Median Age = 38.3

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Business Research Center

Population Estimates by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2024	Number	Rank of	Pct Dist. in County	Pct Dist. in State
American Indian or Alaska Native Alone	141	55	0.4%	0.5%
Asian Alone	363	35	1.1%	3.1%
Black Alone	714	38	2.2%	10.6%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pac. Isl. Alone	46	29	0.1%	0.1%
White	31,112	51	94.5%	83.2%
Two or More Race Groups	545	46	1.7%	2.5%
Hispanic or Latino Origin (can be of any race)
Non-Hispanic	31,740	49	96.4%	90.9%
Hispanic	1,181	49	3.6%	9.1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Household Types	Number	Rank in State	Pct Dist. in County	Pct Dist. in State
Households in 2023 (Includes detail not shown below)	12,699	49	100.0%	100.0%
Married With Children	2,031	57	16.0%	18.1%
Married Without Children	3,428	60	27.0%	29.3%
Single Parents	1,360	34	10.7%	8.9%
Living Alone	4,022	42	31.7%	29.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

Housing	Number	Rank in State	Pct Dist. in County	Pct Dist. in State
Total Housing Units in 2024 (estimate)	14,649	48	100.0%	100.0%
Total Housing Units in 2023 (includes vacant units)	14,446	48	100.0%	100.0%
Owner Occupied (Pct. distribution based on all housing units)	8,816	55	61.0%	63.9%
Median Value (2023)	$180,600	39
Renter Occupied (Pct. distribution based on all housing units)	3,883	35	26.9%	26.9%
Median Rent (2023)	$653	44

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

Education	Number	Rank in State	Percent of State	Indiana
School Enrollment (2024/2025 Total Reported)	4,771	55	0.4%	1,132,621
Public	4,109	57	0.4%	1,033,552
Adults (25+ in 2023 ACS)	23,223	47	0.5%	4,559,304
with High School diploma or higher	88.6%	65		90.2%
with B.A. or higher degree	18.1%	55		28.8%

Sources: Indiana Department of Education; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

Income and Poverty	Number	Rank in State	Percent of State	Indiana
Per Capita Personal Income (annual) in 2023	$54,925	44	89.7%	61,243
Median Household Income in 2023	62,153	63	89.5%	$69,458
Poverty Rate in 2023	12.1%	37	99.2%	12.2%
Poverty Rate among Children under 18	16.4%	31	108.6%	15.1%
Welfare (TANF) Monthly Average Families in 2024	24	33	0.5%	4,813
Food Stamp Recipients in 2024	2,327	52	0.4%	608,295
Free and Reduced Fee Lunch Recipients in 2024/2025	2,194	51	0.4%	488,145

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Census Bureau; Indiana Family Social Services Administration; Indiana Department of Education

Health and Vital Statistics	Number	Rank of	Percent of State	Indiana
Births, 2021	345	51	0.4%	79,946
Births to Teens, 2021	22	41	0.6%	3,845
Deaths, 2019	375	46	0.6%	66,005

Source: Indiana State Department of Health

Labor Force, 2024	Number	Rank in State	Percent of State	Indiana
Total Resident Labor Force	15,316	52	0.4%	3,455,992
Employed	14,709	52	0.4%	3,310,992
Unemployed	607	51	0.4%	145,000
Annual Unemployment Rate	4.0	46	95.2%	4.2
May 2025 Unemployment Rate	3.4	1	91.9%	3.7

Source: STATS Indiana, using data from the Indiana Department of Workforce Development

Employment and Earnings by Industry, 2023	Employment	Pct Dist. in County	Earnings ($000)	Pct Dist. In County	Avg. Earnings Per Job
Total by place of work	17,310	100.0%	$1,008,548	100.0%	$58,264
Wage and Salary	13,736	79.4%	$703,725	69.8%	$51,232
Farm Proprietors	525	3.0%	$-373	-0.0%	$-710
Nonfarm Proprietors	3,049	17.6%	$133,273	13.2%	$43,710
Farm	566	3.3%	$1,372	0.1%	$2,424
Nonfarm	16,744	96.7%	$1,007,176	99.9%	$60,151
Private	14,186	82.0%	$850,687	84.3%	$59,967
Accommodation, Food Serv.	1,408	8.1%	$35,910	3.6%	$25,504
Arts, Ent., Recreation	153	0.9%	$846	0.1%	$5,529
Construction	642	3.7%	$41,803	4.1%	$65,114
Health Care, Social Serv.	1,850	10.7%	$134,505	13.3%	$72,705
Information	55	0.3%	$2,362	0.2%	$42,945
Manufacturing	3,075	17.8%	$255,513	25.3%	$83,094
Professional, Tech. Serv.	445	2.6%	$0	0.0%	$0
Retail Trade	2,300	13.3%	$135,483	13.4%	$58,906
Trans., Warehousing	475	2.7%	$32,713	3.2%	$68,869
Wholesale Trade	204	1.2%	$14,505	1.4%	$71,103
Other Private (not above)	3,579	20.7%	$172,609	17.1%	$48,228
Government	2,558	14.8%	$156,489	15.5%	$61,176

Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

Residential Building Permits, 2024	Units	Pct Dist. in County	Pct Dist. in State	Cost ($000)	State Cost ($000)
Total Permits Filed	58	100.0%	100.0%	$12,922	$8,133,071
Single-Family	58	100.0%	75.4%	$12,922	$6,951,719
2-Family	0	0.0%	1.9%	0	$100,498
3- and 4-Family	0	0.0%	0.8%	$0	$45,624
5+ Family	0	0.0%	21.9%	$0	$1,035,231

Notes: Detail cost may not sum to total due to rounding. Greene County does not currently issue building permits, so it is excluded.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Largest Cities and Towns in Jefferson County

Name	Population in 2024	Percent of County
Brooksburg	70	0.2%
Dupont	338	1.0%
Hanover	3,827	11.6%
Madison	12,108	36.8%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau annual population estimates